中美在經(jīng)貿(mào)領(lǐng)域顯然存在利益交集，但需要以誠意來尋找。習(xí)近平主席多次強(qiáng)調(diào)，“太平洋足夠大，容得下中美兩國(guó)的共同發(fā)展”。

There are evidently common interests between China and the U.S. in areas of economics and trade, but the common interests can only be found with good faith. President Xi Jinping has emphasized that “the Pacific Ocean is broad enough to accommodate the development of both China and the United States.”

舉起大棒，是錯(cuò)誤地對(duì)待別人的問題，放下大棒，才能正確地面對(duì)自己的問題。中美兩國(guó)之間很多問題具有復(fù)雜性，通過溝通、談判解決彼此的貿(mào)易關(guān)注是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期的任務(wù)。

By raising up the stick, one is wrongfully treating the concerns of others. By putting down the stick, one is rightly facing its own problems. There are quite many issues that are complicated between China and the U.S. It will be a long-term task to address concerns of each side through consultations and negotiations.

短期內(nèi)，我也相信中美有足夠的智慧找到辦法解決雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中的緊迫問題，拭目以待。

For the time being, I also believe that the two sides have enough wisdom to find solutions to the pressing issues in the bilateral economic and trade ties. Let us keep our fingers crossed.

4、彭博社：你認(rèn)為世貿(mào)組織面臨著一場(chǎng)生存危機(jī)嗎？多邊主義處于危險(xiǎn)之中？

Do you believe the WTO is facing an existential crisis? Is mutilateralism at peril?

張向晨大使：從《關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定》到世貿(mào)組織，多邊貿(mào)易體制一直是推動(dòng)自由貿(mào)易和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最佳平臺(tái)。它也為二戰(zhàn)以來美國(guó)的長(zhǎng)期繁榮作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。

From GATT to WTO, the multilateral trading system has been proven to be the most valuable and important platform in promoting free trade and achieving economic development, and it has also contributed remarkably to the prosperity of the U.S. since the 1940s.

目前，世貿(mào)組織正遭受“三重打擊”，美國(guó)阻撓新上訴機(jī)構(gòu)成員遴選，援引國(guó)內(nèi)法的“232條款”采取貿(mào)易限制措施，在“301條款”下威脅對(duì)來自中國(guó)的500億美元進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品加征關(guān)稅。

Currently, the WTO is confronted with “three hard blows." The U.S. is blocking selection of new appellate body members, taking restrictive trade measures under Section 232 and threatening to impose tariffs on $50 billion of goods imported from China under Section 301 of U.S. domestic law.

其中任何一項(xiàng)行動(dòng)，若不及時(shí)解決，都將嚴(yán)重影響世貿(mào)組織的正常運(yùn)行，甚至使之陷入癱瘓。同時(shí)，世貿(mào)組織還面臨著三大挑戰(zhàn)：維護(hù)核心價(jià)值、履行基本職能和探索制訂新規(guī)。

Any one of these, if left untreated, will fatally undermine the functioning of the WTO. In the meantime, the WTO is also facing “three main challenges” -- safeguarding its core values, fulfilling its basic functions and exploring new trade rules.

空氣和水是人生存之本，但人們卻僅在稀缺的時(shí)候方知其珍貴。危機(jī)使很多世貿(mào)成員產(chǎn)生了危機(jī)感，也更清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到多邊貿(mào)易體制的重要性。這對(duì)于幫助世貿(mào)組織走出困境是有意義的。

Air and water are critical for survival, but we seldom notice them unless they become scarce. The current situation faced by the WTO has given many members a sense of crisis, making them increasingly realize the importance of the multilateral trading system. This sense of crisis is essential to getting the WTO out of the difficulties.

但是，危機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)化為機(jī)遇是需要條件的，這些條件尚不完全具備：

However, in order to transform crisis into opportunity, there must be certain conditions in place. For now, these conditions are not yet met.

首先，各方要聯(lián)手抵制保護(hù)主義，這一點(diǎn)正得到越來越多成員的響應(yīng)；

First, all members should lock arm against protectionism. It is heartening to see that more and more members have joined this army of solidarity.

其次，要通過協(xié)商，恢復(fù)世貿(mào)組織功能的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；

Second, it is imperative to resume WTO full functions through consultations.

第三，要與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，探索新領(lǐng)域的新規(guī)則，反映工商界的普遍訴求。

Third, it is necessary to stay relevant by exploring new rules in new areas, responding to the aspirations of the business community.

后兩點(diǎn)，特別是第三點(diǎn)，還有相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)的路要走。

In terms of the latter two points, particularly the third one mentioned above, there is still a long way go.

5、彭博社：本月早些時(shí)候在北京結(jié)束的中美高層貿(mào)易談判表明雙方差距巨大。據(jù)說美國(guó)已要求中國(guó)在2020年前將貿(mào)易順差至少減少2000億美元，并且不得對(duì)美國(guó)擬議的關(guān)稅措施進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)。這些要求是否符合WTO規(guī)則？中國(guó)接受這些要求的可能性有多大？

The high-level trade talks between China and the U.S. that ended earlier this month in Beijing showed how far apart the two sides are. The U.S. is said to have asked China to cut its trade surplus by at least $200 billion by the end of 2020 and to refrain from retaliation against its proposed U.S. tariffs. Are these demands in line with WTO rules? How likely is it for China to accept the requests?

張向晨大使：我相信不少朋友在關(guān)注中美高層貿(mào)易談判。在多邊貿(mào)易體制上，曾有過極個(gè)別“進(jìn)口承諾”的事例。這種做法違反世貿(mào)組織“非歧視原則”，早已成為歷史陳跡。而所謂的“自愿出口限制”，毫無例外地都不是“自愿”的，也為多邊紀(jì)律所不容。

I know that many readers are closely following the Sino-U.S. high-level trade negotiations. In the history of the multilateral trading system, there have been few instances of "import commitments." Such practice has clearly violated the "non-discrimination principle" of the GATT, and therefore has long been abandoned. So-called "voluntary export restrictions" have never been "voluntary" no matter how you look at it, which has also been prohibited by multilateral disciplines.

美國(guó)一方面指責(zé)中國(guó)政府干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，一方面又要求中國(guó)以政府命令方式增加進(jìn)口、限制出口、減少過剩產(chǎn)能，這在邏輯上是說不通的。

It doesn’t make any sense that the U.S. is blaming the Chinese Government for state intervention on the one hand, while pressing China, by way of issuing government orders, to increase imports, restrict exports, and reduce excess capacity on the other hand.

貿(mào)易是你情我愿的交易，政府可以做一些貿(mào)易促進(jìn)工作，但不能用槍頂著企業(yè)去做。

Trade is essentially a business deal by freedom of contract. You can lead a horse to the water, but you can’t make it drink. Likewise, governments can make efforts to promote trade, but cannot force companies to do business by pointing a gun at their heads.

6、彭博社：除了報(bào)復(fù)性關(guān)稅之外，中國(guó)還有什么工具可以抵消美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)1500億美元產(chǎn)品加征關(guān)稅威脅？

Aside from retaliatory tariffs, what tools does China have for counteraction should the U.S. follow through on its threats of tariffs on $150 billion of Chinese products?

張向晨大使：作為一個(gè)大國(guó)，中國(guó)的政策工具箱里當(dāng)然會(huì)有“十八般兵器”，但絕不會(huì)輕易使用。用不用、用哪件、何時(shí)用，需要根據(jù)形勢(shì)發(fā)展而定，但目的只有一個(gè)，恢復(fù)正常的貿(mào)易秩序，“止戈為武”。

As a major country, China certainly has a full set of tools in its policy toolbox, just like the “eighteen main weapons of Chinese martial arts.” But we would not use them easily. As for whether and when to use the tools, or which one is picked, we will make our own decision in light of the situation. The ultimate and only purpose of using the tools is to restore the normal order of trade. As an old Chinese saying goes, force is to be used only for the maintenance of peace and order.