那么，正好

美國(guó)海軍技術(shù)網(wǎng)（Naval Technology）

于今年4月24日就

發(fā)布了一篇論述護(hù)衛(wèi)艦和驅(qū)逐艦區(qū)別的文章

以它為基礎(chǔ)

小軍在此

遙給這位大英子民普及一下

Frigate護(hù)衛(wèi)艦和Destroyer驅(qū)逐艦

到底有什么區(qū)別：

、

Frigates have a long history back to the sailing era.

護(hù)衛(wèi)艦的歷史可追溯到15世紀(jì)起的帆船時(shí)代。

起初，它是一艘輕便的小快船

light nimble(靈活) ship

built for the purpose of sailing swiftly(快的)

而destroyers驅(qū)逐艦早期的稱謂是

"torpedo boat destroyers" (TBDs)魚雷艇驅(qū)逐艦

顧名思義

就是為了destroy torpedo boat擊沉驅(qū)逐魚雷艇的

而到了一戰(zhàn)時(shí)期

各國(guó)海軍都將其名簡(jiǎn)化

the name was shortened to simply "destroyer"

最早的destroyer是1887年服役的

西班牙Destructor“破壞者”號(hào)

西班牙海軍用來打擊魚雷艇的“破壞者號(hào)”驅(qū)逐艦，由英國(guó)湯姆森公司設(shè)計(jì)制造，于1887年交付給西班牙海軍使用。

Similarities

相似之處

進(jìn)化到現(xiàn)在

Frigate和Destroyer的功能幾乎重疊

比如，都有快速機(jī)動(dòng)性（quick maneuverability）

都有一定的防空、反艦、反潛能力

可保護(hù)大型艦艇（如航空母艦）抵御海陸空威脅

（Escort(護(hù)航) and protect larger vessels from air, surface and underwater threats）

都是多功能艦艇（multi-role vessel）

Differences

不同之處

“The key distinction between frigates and destroyers is size and, by

extension, function,” says Dr Sidharth Kaushal, a research fellow at the

Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies.

英國(guó)皇家國(guó)防聯(lián)合研究所國(guó)防安全研究員施坦·考沙爾博士介紹：“護(hù)衛(wèi)艦和驅(qū)逐艦最關(guān)鍵的區(qū)別在于大小，再就是功能?！?

Size：

驅(qū)逐艦一般要比護(hù)衛(wèi)艦更大，但也不是絕對(duì)。

Frigates these days weigh anything from 2000 - 5000 tons,

Destroyers are in the range of 5000 – 8000.

護(hù)衛(wèi)艦的噸位一般是2000-5000噸

驅(qū)逐艦為5000-8000噸。

There are many exceptions to this general rule

with some frigates larger than some destroyers.

但這不是絕對(duì)，有的護(hù)衛(wèi)艦要比驅(qū)逐艦還大。

Speed：

Frigates are generally slower than destroyers

although in modern times there is not a significant difference.

一般而言，驅(qū)逐艦要比護(hù)衛(wèi)艦更快，但差別不是很明顯。

Armament：

在艦載武器裝備上

驅(qū)逐艦通常裝備兩個(gè)推進(jìn)器（two screws /propellers）

兩個(gè)推進(jìn)引擎（two propulsion engines）

兩個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)（two generators）

兩個(gè)引擎室（two engine rooms）

裝有一門主艦炮（one main gun）

和各型導(dǎo)彈（and lots of missiles）

including anti-ship, surface-to-air, and cruise missiles

包括反艦導(dǎo)彈、防空導(dǎo)彈、巡航導(dǎo)彈等

It carries more powerful high-resolution radar

and a larger number of vertical launch cells

安裝有更強(qiáng)的高分辨型雷達(dá)、更多的垂直發(fā)射單元

Modern destroyers often have a helicopter pad as well

現(xiàn)代驅(qū)逐艦大多會(huì)有艦載直升機(jī)后甲板

而護(hù)衛(wèi)艦只有l(wèi)ess offensive power(較小攻擊力)

通常只有一個(gè)推進(jìn)器（one screw）

一個(gè)推進(jìn)裝置（one propulsion plant）

裝有一門艦炮（one small gun）

和部分導(dǎo)彈（some of the same missiles as destroyers）

just fewer of them and typically no long-range cruise missiles

但是，一般是中短程導(dǎo)彈，而非遠(yuǎn)程巡航導(dǎo)彈

They sometimes have a helicopter pad.

有少數(shù)護(hù)衛(wèi)艦設(shè)有艦載直升機(jī)甲板

Capabilities：

Its primary mission in the US Navy is to

escort and defend Carriers and large Amphibious ships.

美軍的驅(qū)逐艦主要任務(wù)是為航母或大型兩棲艦保駕護(hù)航。

It can be called to operate independently of the main fleet

(when hunting enemy targets) or in support of the main fleet.

在作戰(zhàn)功能上，驅(qū)逐艦可以在艦隊(duì)的

前方獨(dú)立作戰(zhàn)，打擊敵人，或支援艦隊(duì)的整體作戰(zhàn)。

It can provide theatre wide air and missile defence

(for forces such as a carrier battle group and typically serve this function.)

它可以為航母戰(zhàn)斗群等大型水面作戰(zhàn)力量

提供戰(zhàn)區(qū)廣域范圍內(nèi)的防空防導(dǎo)。

除了參與防空戰(zhàn)AAW(Anti-aircraft warfare)

反水面戰(zhàn)ASuW(Anti-surface warfare)

反潛戰(zhàn)ASW (anti-submarine warfare)

It had specialization in long range AAW

[Ballistic Missile Defence sometimes too]

and Long Range Land Attack Capability

with help of Land Attack Cruise Missiles.

驅(qū)逐艦還有超強(qiáng)的遠(yuǎn)程防空作戰(zhàn)（彈道導(dǎo)彈防御）能力，

具有遠(yuǎn)程對(duì)地打擊能力。

護(hù)衛(wèi)艦有同樣的保駕護(hù)航任務(wù)

但是一般沒有遠(yuǎn)程對(duì)地打擊能力

A Frigate will have the same missions, sans the land attack.

它的主要任務(wù)是反潛

It often is specialized in antisubmarine warfare.

“Frigates, being a smaller vessel can provide limited air defence to themselves and nearby vessels but are not particularly well suited to theatre air defence,” says Kaushal.

考沙爾博士介紹，“護(hù)衛(wèi)艦更小，一般用于為自身和周圍艦艇提供有限的防空防御，但并不適用于較大戰(zhàn)區(qū)范圍內(nèi)的空防?！?

“They tend to be utilized primarily for anti-submarine warfare roles as well as providing short range air defence as part of a larger surface group.”

護(hù)衛(wèi)艦的主要任務(wù)是反潛，并為大型水面作戰(zhàn)群提供近程防空防御。

Cost：

當(dāng)然，驅(qū)逐艦更貴——

Typically, 2 or 3 Frigates can be built for the cost of 1 Destroyer.

一般來說，1艘驅(qū)逐艦的成本能建造2或3艘護(hù)衛(wèi)艦。